Gasification is one way that biomass pellets can be used to generate heat and energy. The below video is made by Ben Peterson who is developing a 101 guide on the principles of gasification and how it can generate energy for a wide range of uses.
Instead of traditional combustion in a normal burn chamber, a gasifier separates the flammable gasses from the biomass, and then burns the gas. The advantages of this process are that the gas can be used in engines as well as been used to simply heat a property.
The advantages for using pellets in gasification are the same reason they are used in conventional burning equipment; their convenience, automation and efficiency. Pellets are a uniform size and contain lager amounts of energy compared to the uncompressed raw material. Their high energy density and uniform size mean the store of fuel will last for much longer and the fuel hopper can be re-frilled with a small screw auger. This gives much more convenience and automation compared to using the original raw material. Finally as Ben explains in the video, not one gasifier design works for all raw materials. Each system has to be tuned because of raw material differences and different moisture contents. Here the low moisture consistency of biomass pellets also plays an important role. Where for the raw material each gasifier must be changed, once system could be used to burn biomass pellets made from different raw materials.
I will feature the other Gasification 101 videos as Ben makes them available.
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