The manufacture of wood pellet fuel is an area of rising interest, though there is little quality information accessible on how the process actually factory. At first the pellet production process may appear basic plus even straightforward. The fact is this couldn’t be further from the truth, by means of the fact that to make quality pellets from any raw matter requires the raw matter to have definite qualities as well as the right apparatus. In a sentence, pellet construction is the compression of a loose material into a compressed pellet form by a uniform size, shape plus density. Yet to achieve a pellet of suitable quality will need a deeper understanding of the process of what the raw matter requires to make a quality pellet. Firstly one of the key criteria for biomass pellet production, or any pellet pellet manufacture is the removal of moisture from the raw material. There are two reasons for this, firstly as a energy, moisture reduces burning efficiency, heat generation plus increases ash content. Secondly it is not potential to compress moisture, therefore for the pellet to hold its shape, a low moisture content is vital. Though a certain percentage of moisture is required for the pellet to form. The percentage of moisture required depends on each raw material and gear used. For instance if steam conditioning is used in the construction process, a raw matter moisture content as low as 10% can be used. However steam conditioning is generally only used on a large scale because of the expensive in addition to risk control required. Therefore where steam conditioning is not used, a raw matter closer to 15% is required. Too much or too little moisture can outcome wear of the rollers along with die as well as also the fuel consumption of the pellet mill. Therefore is is generally recommend to experiment by the moisture content of the raw matter to achieve top pellet quality in addition to lowest energy usage.
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Pellet production can be carried out on either a small or large scale. Yet as by means of steam conditioning, the equipment and processes used does vary. In terms of drying apparatus, there are preferences for small as well as large scale manufacture based on obtainable space, charge, and process control. For small scale manufacture, pipe flash dryers are commonly used as they are fairly basic, as well as the fee to manufacturer are fairly low. Pipe dryers however are not ideally suited to dry raw materials by a high moisture content around 50%, for example virgin biomass. The raw material may require more than a few passes to remove adequate moisture. For large scale biomass pellet construction rotary dryers are used, these are larger as well as more expensive, on the other hand the drying time can be restricted to dry in a single pass.
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There are also differences in the types of pellet mill used in small in addition to large scale manufacture. The most basic design of pellet mill is the flat die pellet mill. This design is commonly used for small scale production, due to lower production costs along with cheaper consumables. For large scale manufacture disc die pellet mills are more commonly used as they are generally regarded as being more energy proficient. All pellet mill designs share similar principles of operation. These include a roller along with die configuration. The design of the pellet mill may either have the die or roller shell rotating, the rotation speed required changes.
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